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#85 Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, Andes Mountains, Peru

About this stone

This iconic Incan citadel was built in the 15th century during the reign of Emperor Pachacuti and remained known primarily to local indigenous communities until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911. Perched at approximately 2,430 meters above sea level, the site commands a dramatic position in the mountains. The exact purpose of the location has long intrigued historians—theories range from royal estate to religious sanctuary to astronomical observatory. Research suggests its layout aligns with significant astronomical events like solstices and equinoxes, hinting at the sophisticated knowledge of those who designed it. The site was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, cementing its place as one of the world's most significant archaeological treasures.